Learning Disabilities

Plain language

Learning disabilities are specific differences in how the brain processes information. They are not about intelligence — many people with LDs are gifted thinkers.

Scholarly

Specific Learning Disorder (DSM-5-TR) involves persistent difficulties learning and using academic skills, despite adequate instruction and intervention, in domains such as reading, writing, or mathematics.

Common traits

• Domain-specific processing differences
• Strong compensatory strategies
• Variable performance across subjects

Strengths

• Creativity
• Persistence
• Lateral thinking

Challenges

• Standardized testing
• Timed tasks
• Self-esteem when undiagnosed

Myth

LDs mean low IQ.

Fact

LDs are independent of intelligence.

How it may appear in children

• Uneven academic profile
• Frustration with specific subjects

How it may appear in adults

• Career mismatch when strengths aren't leveraged
• Workplace accommodations underused

Workplace considerations

• Universal Design for Learning principles
• Multiple modalities
• Strengths-based assignments

Family & caregiver considerations

• IEP/504 advocacy
• Strength-spotting
• Reduce comparison

Faith & community considerations

• Multi-modal teaching
• Accessible materials

Coping strategies

• Assistive technology
• Tutoring with evidence-based methods
• Self-advocacy skills

Possible co-occurring conditions

Many neurodivergent people meet criteria for more than one profile. See the co-occurring conditions guide.

Download resources

Printable one-page profile, family handout, and workplace accommodations checklist.

Discussion guide

Reflection prompts and small-group questions for families, classrooms, and ministry teams.

Related research

Browse the curated research repository for studies on Learning Disabilities and adjacent profiles.